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Ivan Pavlovich Kamera ((ロシア語:Ива́н Па́влович Каме́ра); 21 January 1952) was a Soviet military officer who held several commands as an artillery general during World War II, most notably during the Soviet counterattack at Yartsevo (near Smolensk) and as artillery chief for the Soviet Union's Western Front (Army Group). Promoted to colonel-general of the artillery in July 1943, Kamera was subsequently relieved of command following an April 1944 State Defense Committee report harshly critical of both the artillery performance of the Front and of the leadership of its most senior officers. ==Biography== An ethnic Belarusian, Kamera was born in 1897.〔"И. П. Камера" ("I. P. Kamera"). «Белорусская ССР, краткая энциклопедия» (''A Short Encyclopedia of the Byelorussian SSR''), Volume 5. Ed. Pjatrus Broǔka. Minsk: Byelorussian Soviet Encyclopedia, 1982. 〕 His career as a professional soldier in the Soviet armed forces began during the Russian Civil War (1917–1923). Already a member of the Bolsheviks’ Red Guard during the revolutionary events of 1917, Kamera joined the Bolshevik Party and the newly organized Red Army of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic in 1918.〔〔Parrish, Michael. ''Sacrifice of the Generals: Soviet Senior Officer Losses, 1939-1953''. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8108-5009-5, ISBN 978-0-8108-5009-5. P. 151.〕 A professional military man during the interwar decades in the Soviet Union, Kamera served in the artillery of the Red Army in the Soviet Union's Far East during 1929.〔 He finished a set of army commanders' tactical courses in 1936 and held a series of artillery commands in the Soviet Army's divisions and corps in the 1930s.〔〔 He was assigned the army rank of major-general of the artillery following the introduction of the general officer ranks into the Soviet military ranks in 1940. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ivan Kamera」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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